21.
Choose the correct sentence:
a) If he works hard, he succeeds.
b) If he works hard, he will succeed.
✓
c) If he would work hard, he succeeded.
d) If he worked hard, he succeeded.
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: If he works hard, he will succeed.
এটি 1st conditional এর উদাহরণ।
1st Conditional structure: If + present indefinite, Future indefinite.
Example : I will not go out, if it rains.
22.
Had I been a king, I________.
a) had helped the poor.
b) would have helped the poor
✓
c) have helped the poor.
d) helped the poor
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have helped the poor.
ব্যাখ্যা :
Dependent clause বা Condition clause টি তে past perfect tense থাকলে অন্য clause এ would/could/might + have +verb (p.p) form হয়।
Example: Had I been in your situation, I would have accepted the offer.
23.
Complete the sentence: If you had informed me before, I _______ you.
a) would met
b) will have met
c) would have met
✓
d) would meet
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have met.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হলে Principal clause/Main clause এ would have/could have/might have+V3 হয়।
.
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
24.
Many forms of cancer can be cured if_____ early.
a) Detected
✓
b) Detecting
c) Detect
d) None of these
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: Detected.
Many forms of cancer can be cured if it is detected early.
Second Clause টি reduced হয়েছে।
যদি দুটো clause এর সাবজেক্ট সেইম হয় তাইলে Second clause থেকে sub+ auxiliary কাটা যায়।
if it is detected early থেকে it is বাদ গিয়ে if detected early হয়ে যায়।
25.
If we had a boat, we_______ the river.
a) would cross
✓
b) will be crossing
c) will cross
d) cross
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would cross.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If clause এ যদি Past Tense হয়, তাহলে অপরাংশে সাধারণত would +verb এর base form হয়, তবে could/might ও হতে পারে। এক্ষেত্রে if যুক্ত অংশে be verb থাকলে তা সবসময় were হবে।
If we had a boat, we would cross the river.
26.
Soil-covered lava lands usually support a normal forest _______ enough water.
a) if there is
✓
b) or if there is
c) there has been
d) there is also
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: if there is.
ব্যাখ্যা :
চিরন্তন সত্য, বৈজ্ঞানিক ভিত্তি,অভ্যাসগত কোন কাজ বা স্বয়ক্রিয় ফলাফল প্রকাশ করতে হলে main clause এ present indefinite tense হলে if যুক্ত clause এ present indefinite tense হবে।
প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যে বৈজ্ঞানিক ভিত্তি বুঝাচ্ছে তাই উভয় পাশে present indefinite tense হয়েছে।
27.
I_________ caught the bus if I had hurried.
a) could have
✓
b) can have
c) cannot have
d) could not have
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: could have.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হলে Principal clause/Main clause/Result clause এ would have/could have/might have+V3 হয়।
যেমন; I could have caught the bus if I had hurried. এখানে If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense-এ আছে। তাই I could have caught the bus হয়েছে।
28.
He will carry an umbrella in case--.
a) it rains
✓
b) it will rain
c) it might rain
d) it could raining
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: it rains.
in case কোন শর্ত বুঝায় না; যেখানে কাজটি কোন কিছুর উপর নির্ভর করেনা,সেখানে In case বসে আর নির্ভর করলে if বসে।
Example: Take your umbrella in case it rains.
29.
If you had come earlier, you would-- found a good seat.
a) have
✓
b) has
c) had
d) was
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: have.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হলে Principal clause/Main clause/Result clause এ would have/could have/might have+V3 হয়।
Dependent clause: If you had come earlier,
Main clause: you would have found a good seat.
সুতরাং, বাক্যটি-If you had come earlier, you would have found a good seat.
30.
He -- arrested if he had tried to leave the country.
a) would
b) could be
c) would have been
✓
d) must be
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have been.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হলে Principal clause/Main clause/Result clause এ would have/could have/might have+V3 হয়।Passive voice এর ক্ষেত্রে would have + been হয়।
31.
I __________ caught the bus if I had hurried.
a) could have
✓
b) can have
c) cannot have
d) could not have
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: could have.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হলে Principal clause/Main clause/Result clause এ would have/could have/might have+V3 হয়।
Dependent clause: if I had hurried,
Main clause: I could have caught the bus.
সুতরাং, বাক্যটি-I could have caught the bus if I had hurried.
32.
Had I been a king, I_______________.
a) had helped the poor
b) would have helped the poor
✓
c) have helped the poor
d) helped the poor
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have helped the poor.
ব্যাখ্যা :
Dependent clause বা Condition clause টি তে past perfect tense থাকলে অন্য clause এ would/could/might + have +verb (p.p) form হয়।
Dependent clause: Had I been a king,
Main clause: I would have helped the poor.
সুতরাং, বাক্যটি-Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.
33.
If you had informed me before, I_________________ you.
a) would met
b) will have met
c) would have met
✓
d) would meet
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have met.
ব্যাখ্যা :
প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional-এর নিয়মে হয়েছে।
Dependent clause বা Condition clause-টি তে past perfect tense-এ থাকলে অন্য clause এ would/could/might + have +verb-এর Past participle form হয়।
34.
If we had a boat, we_______________________ the river.
a) would cross
✓
b) will be crossing
c) will cross
d) would make crossed
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would cross.
ব্যাখ্যা :
If clause এ যদি Past Tense হয়, তাহলে অপরাংশে সাধারণত would + verb এর base form হয়, তবে could/mightও হতে পারে।এক্ষেত্রে if যুক্ত অংশে be verb থাকলে তা সবসময় were হবে।
** এখানে if-যুক্ত ক্লজে had আছে বলে, এটা past perfect tense না। এখানে had এর অর্থ 'আছে', যা have এর past simple form.
35.
He _______ to see us if he had been able to.
a) would come
b) would have come
✓
c) may have come
d) may come
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have come.
If যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হলে Principal clause/Main clause/Result clause এ would have/could have/might have+V3 হয়।
*Passive voice এর ক্ষেত্রে would/could/might + have been বসে।
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
36.
Water boils____ you heat it to 100 degree centigrade.
a) unless
b) if
✓
c) untill
d) although
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: if.
চিরন্তন সত্য, বৈজ্ঞানিক ভিত্তি,অভ্যাসগত কোন কাজ বা স্বয়ক্রিয় ফলাফল প্রকাশ করতে হলে main clause এ present indefinite tense হলে if যুক্ত clause এ present indefinite tense হবে।
Example: Man dies if he drinks poison.
37.
If he wants to play the violin, I________ him.
a) will help
✓
b) would help
c) help
d) have helped
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: will help.
If Clause টি present indefinite tense এ হলে result clause টি future tense tense এ হবে।,
Example: If I write the book, I will be given a hefty royalty.
38.
If teaching ___________ more, fewer teachers would leave the profession
a) pays
b) is paying
c) paid
✓
d) had paid
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: paid.
If clause এ যদি Past Tense হয়,তাহলে অপরাংশে সাধারণত would +verb এর base form হয়,তবে could/might ও হতে পারে।এক্ষেত্রে if যুক্ত অংশে be verb থাকলে তা সবসময় were হবে.
Example: If there were chaos, there would not be development.
39.
If it rains, we _______ Ludo.
a) would play
b) will play
✓
c) played
d) would have played
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: will play.
If Clause টি present indefinite tense এ হলে result clause টি future tense tense এ হবে।
Example: If I see him, I will tell him you called.
40.
If I had seen it, I________________ you about it.
a) will tell
b) had told
c) would tell
d) would have told
✓
ব্যাখ্যা:
Answer: would have told.
If পরবর্তী clause টি past perfect tense এ হওয়ায় result clause টি তে would have +verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হবে।
Example: If I had attended the long philosophy class, I would have been exhausted now.
